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1.
Más Vita ; 4(2): 103-119, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1392128

ABSTRACT

La combinación de los test predictores de la vía área difícil durante la evaluación preanestésica y la preparación de los pacientes quirúrgicos es fundamental para reducir el índice de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los test predictores de vía aérea difícil y los hallazgos bajo laringoscopia directa en los pacientes que son intervenidos en la sala de operaciones del Hospital General Esmeraldas Sur Delfina Torres de Concha. La institución de salud en mención no registra previamente un estudio de estas características. Materiales y Métodos: El diseño de investigación que se aplicó fue cualitativo, de corte transversal con enfoque descriptivo. En consecuencia, se observaron y se tomaron datos del formulario de anestesiología de 150 historias clínicas de pacientes que fueron derivados a cirugía desde febrero de 2019 hasta julio de 2019. Las variables examinadas correspondieron a paciente adulto, vía aérea difícil, test predictores de VAD y laringoscopia directa. Resultados: Mostraron que el test que alertó más casos de VAD es el de protrusión mandibular con el 59,30%, seguido de la distancia tiromentoniana con el 40,00%. Asimismo, los hallazgos bajo laringoscopia derivaron en procedimientos de intubación difícil, guardando relación con otros test predictores de VAD. Conclusiones: La combinación de varios test de VAD facultan a los médicos a planificar respuestas oportunas ante la presencia de problemas(AU)


The combination of predictive tests of the difficult airway during the pre-anesthetic evaluation and the preparation of surgical patients is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the difficult airway predictive tests and the findings under direct laryngoscopy in patients who are operated on in the operating room of the Hospital General Esmeraldas Sur Delfina Torres de Concha. The aforementioned health institution has not previously registered a study of these characteristics. Materials and Methods: The research design that was applied was qualitative, cross-sectional with a descriptive approach. Consequently, data from the anesthesiology form of 150 medical records of patients who were referred for surgery from February 2019 to July 2019 were observed and collected. The variables examined corresponded to adult patients, difficult airway, VAD predictor tests and direct laryngoscopy. Results: They showed that the test that alerted more cases of VAD is mandibular protrusion with 59.30%, followed by thyromental distance with 40.00%. Likewise, the findings under laryngoscopy led to difficult intubation procedures, being related to other VAD predictive tests. Conclusions: The combination of several VAD tests empower physicians to plan timely responses to the presence of problems(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Airway Management , Forecasting , Anesthesia, General , Laryngoscopy , Operating Rooms , Patients , Hospitals , Intubation, Intratracheal
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(2): 125-133, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137156

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: The prediction of difficult laryngoscopy is based on tests that assess anatomic characteristics of face and neck. We aimed to identify the most accurate tests and propose a multivariate predictive model. Methods: This prospective observational study included 1134 patients. Thyromental Distance (TMD), Sternomental Distance (STMD), Ratio of Height-to-Thyromental Distance (R-H/TMD), Neck Circumference (NC), Ratio of Neck Circumference-to-Thyromental Distance (R-NC/TMD), Hyomental Distance with head in Neutral Position (HMD-NP) and at Maximal Extension (HMD-HE), Ratio of Hyomental Distance at Maximal head extension-to-hyomental distance in neutral position (R-HMD), Mallampati Class (MLC), Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT), Mouth Opening (MO) and Head Extension (HE) were assessed preoperatively. A Cormack-Lehane Grade ≥ 3 was defined as Difficult Laryngoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were assessed for all tests. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was used to create the predictive models. Results: A model incorporating MLC, ULBT, HE, HMD-HE and R-NC/TMD showed high prognostic accuracy; x2(5) = 109.12, p < 0.001, AUC = 0.86, p < 0.001). Its sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value were 82.3%, 74.8% and 97.4%, respectively. A second model including two measurements not requiring patient's cooperation (R-NC/TMD and HMD-HE) exhibited good prognostic performance; x2(2) = 63.5, p < 0.001, AUC = 0.77, p < 0.001. Among single tests, HE had the highest sensitivity (78.5%) and negative predictive value (96%). Conclusions: A five-variable model incorporating MLC, ULBT, HE, HMD-HE and R-NC/TMD showed satisfyingly high predictive value for difficult laryngoscopy. A model including R-NC/TMD and HMD-HE could be useful in incapable patients. The most accurate single predictor was HE.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A previsão de laringoscopia difícil se baseia em testes que avaliam as características anatômicas da face e pescoço. Nosso objetivo foi identificar os testes mais precisos e propor modelo preditivo multivariado. Método: Estudo observacional prospectivo incluiu 1134 pacientes e avaliou no pré-operatório: Distância Tireomentoniana (DTM), Distância Esternomentoniana (DEM), razão Altura-Distância Tireomentoniana (A/DTM), Circunferência Cervical (CC), razão Circunferência Cervical-Distância Tireomentoniana (CC/DTM), Distância Hiomentoniana com a cabeça na Posição Neutra (DHM-PN) e em Extensão Máxima (DHM-EM), razão Distância Hiomentoniana com Cabeça em Extensão Máxima/Distância Hiomentoniana na posição Neutra (DHME/DHMN), Classe Mallampati (CML), Teste da Mordida do Lábio Superior (TMLS), Abertura da Boca (AB) e Extensão da Cabeça (EC). Grau Cormack-Lehane ≥ 3 foi definido como Laringoscopia Difícil. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo foram avaliados para todos os testes. A análise multivariada com regressão logística foi usada para criar modelos preditivos. Resultados: Um modelo incorporando CML, TMLS, EC, DHM-EM e CC/DTM demonstrou alta precisão prognóstica (x2(5) = 109,12, p < 0,001, AUC = 0,86, p < 0,001). A sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo negativo foram 82,3%, 74,8% e 97,4%, respectivamente. Um segundo modelo incluindo duas medidas que não necessitavam da cooperação do paciente (CC/DTM e DHM-EM) demonstrou bom desempenho prognóstico (x2 (2) = 63,5; p < 0,001; AUC = 0,77, p < 0,001). Entre os testes individuais, EC teve a maior sensibilidade (78,5%) e valor preditivo negativo (96%). Conclusões: O modelo de cinco variáveis incorporando CML, TMLS, EC, DHM-EM e CC/DTM mostrou valor preditivo satisfatoriamente alto para laringoscopia difícil. Um modelo que incluísse CC/DTM e DHM-EM poderia ser útil em pacientes com incapacidade. O preditor individual mais preciso foi EC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Models, Statistical , Point-of-Care Testing , Laryngoscopy , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 64(6): 391-394, Nov-Dec/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728864

ABSTRACT

Background: The difficulties with airway management is the main reason for pediatric anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the value of modified Mallampati test, Upper-Lip-Bite test, thyromental distance and the ratio of height to thyromental distance to predict difficult intubation in pediatric patients. Design: Prospective analysis. Measurements and results: Data were collected from 5 to 11 years old 250 pediatric patients requiring tracheal intubation. The Cormack and Lehane classification was used to evaluate difficult laryngoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and AUC values for each test were measured. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of modified Mallampati test were 76.92% and 95.54%, while those for ULBT were 69.23% and 97.32%. The optimal cutoff point for the ratio of height to thyromental distance and thyromental distance for predicting difficult laryngoscopy was 23.5 (sensitivity, 57.69%; specificity, 86.61%) and 5.5 cm (sensitivity, 61.54%; specificity, 99.11%). The modified Mallampati was the most sensitive of the tests. The ratio of height to thyromental distance was the least sensitive test. Conclusion: These results suggested that the modified Mallampati and Upper-Lip-Bite tests may be useful in pediatric patients for predicting difficult intubation. .


Justificativa: As dificuldades no manejo das vias aéreas são a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade relacionada à anestesia pediátrica. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor do teste modificado de Mallampati, teste da mordida do lábio superior, distância tireomentoniana e relação altura-distância tireomentoniana para prever intubação difícil em pacientes pediátricos. Projeto: Análise prospectiva. Mensurações e resultados: Dados coletados de 250 pacientes pediátricos, com idades entre 5 e 11 anos, submetidos à intubação traqueal. A classificação de Cormack e Lehane foi usada para avaliar laringoscopia difícil. Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, preditivo positivo e AUC para cada teste foram registrados. Resultados: A sensibilidade e especificidade do teste modificado de Mallampati foram 76,92% e 95,54%, enquanto para o ULBT foram 69,23% e 97,32%. O ponto de corte ideal para a relação altura-distância tireomentoniana e distância tireomentoniana para prever laringoscopia difícil foi 23,5 (sensibilidade, 57,69%; especificidade, 86,61%) e 5,5 cm (sensibilidade, 61,54%; especificidade, 99,11%). O teste de Mallampati modificado foi o mais sensível dos testes. A relação entre altura-distância tireomentoniana foi o teste menos sensível. Conclusão: Esses resultados sugerem que os testes de Mallampati modificado e da mordida do lábio superior podem ser úteis em pacientes pediátricos para a previsão de intubação difícil. .


Introducción: Las dificultades en el manejo de las vías aéreas son la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad relacionada con la anestesia pediátrica. Objetivo: Evaluar el valor del test modificado de Mallampati, test de la mordida del labio superior, distancia tiromentoniana y relación altura-distancia tiromentoniana para prever la intubación difícil en pacientes pediátricos. Proyecto: Análisis prospectivo. Medidas y resultados: Datos recopilados de 250 pacientes pediátricos con edades entre 5 y 11 años sometidos a la intubación traqueal. La clasificación de Cormack y Lehane fue usada para calcular laringoscopia difícil. Se registraron los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, predictivo positivo y AUC para cada test. Resultados: La sensibilidad y la especificidad del test modificado de Mallampati fueron del 76,92 y del 95,54%, mientras que para el ULBT fueron del 69,23 y del 97,32%. El punto de corte ideal para la relación altura-distancia tiromentoniana y distancia tiromentoniana para prever la laringoscopia difícil fue 23,5 (sensibilidad, 57,69%; especificidad, 86,61%) y 5,5 cm (sensibilidad, 61,54%; especificidad, 99,11%). El test de Mallampati modificado fue el más sensible de los test. La relación entre altura-distancia tiromentoniana fue el test menos sensible. Conclusión: Esos resultados indican que los test de Mallampati modificado y de la mordida del labio superior pueden ser útiles en pacientes pediátricos para la previsión de la intubación difícil. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Anesthesia/methods , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests
4.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 10(3): 186-197, sep.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-739057

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil es uno de los eventos más complejos a los que se enfrenta el anestesiólogo. Existen pruebas que realizadas a la cabecera del enfermo brindan una valiosa información. La más reciente, es la prueba de la mordida del labio superior. Objetivos: Identificar la eficacia diagnóstica de la prueba de la mordida del labio superior, como método predictivo de vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en pacientes que requirieron anestesia general orotraqueal para procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos en el Hospital «Hermanos Ameijeiras¼. A todos se les realizó la Prueba de Mallampatti y la prueba de la mordida del labio superior. La laringoscopia se evaluó mediante la Prueba de Cormack y Lehane. Se correlacionaron ambas pruebas mediante el método Rho de Spearman y se determinó el valor predictivo positivo y negativo. Resultados: Del universo estudiado (624 pacientes) 64,1 % pertenecieron al género masculino. El mayor número de pacientes se ubicó en el grupo de 40 a 49 años en ambos sexos (28,68 %). El color de la piel blanca predominó en 76,4 % del total. Con relación al peso la media se situó en 67,4 Kg. Al aplicar el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman se observó que entre la prueba de la mordida del labio superior y la prueba de Mallampatti existió una correlación directa perfecta (0,373); y entre la primera y la prueba de Cormack y Lehane (0,424) con un valor de significación para ambas de 0,01. Conclusiones: La prueba de la mordida del labio superior presenta eficacia diagnóstica como método predictivo de vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil.


Introduction: An anatomically difficult airway is one of the more complex events challenged by anesthesiologist. There are tests that performed in front of patient offer valuable information. The more recent one is the upper lip bite. Objectives: To identify the diagnostic effectiveness of abovementioned test as a predictive method of an anatomically difficult airway. Material and Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted in patients requiring orotracheal general anesthesia for elective surgical procedures in the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical Surgical Hospital. Mallampatti and upper lib bite tests were performed in all of them. The laryngoscopy was assessed by Cormack's and Lehane's test. Both tests were correlated by Rho of Spearman method determining the negative and positive value. Results: From the study universe (624 patients) the 64,1% was of males sex. The great number of patients was located in the group aged 40-90 in both sexes (28,68). There was predominance of white race in the 76,4% of total. In relation to the weight, mean was located in 67,4%. Applying the Spearman's correlation coefficient it was noted that between the upper lip bite and the Mallampatti'test there was a perfect direct correlation (0,373) and between the first one and the Cormack and Lehane test (0,424), with a significance value of 0,01 for both tests. Conclusions: The upper lip bite test is a diagnostic effectiveness as predictive method for a anatomically difficult airway.

5.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 40(2)abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663048

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: o propósito deste estudo foi analisar o valor preditivo da Escala de Movimentos da Mão para recuperação do membro superior parético por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), Método: foram avaliados 43 pacientes hemiparéticos por AVC (60,7 anos ±12,1). A Escala de Movimento da Mão (EMM) foi correlacionada com a Estesiometria, Dinamometria, Teste de Caixa e Blocos, 9 Buracos e Pinos, Escala Modificada de Ashworth e o Índice de Barthel. Resultados: observou-se boa correlação entre a EMM com a força muscular e destreza manual, contrariamente, a sensibilidade e o índice de independência funcional não apresentaram valores significantes. Conclusões: com base nos dados desta pesquisa, a EMM apresenta-se como um bom instrumento de avaliação e predição da recuperação do membro superior parético por AVC.


Objective: the purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive value of Hand Movements Scale (HMS) for recovery of paretic upper extremity after stroke, Method: we evaluated 43 hemiparetic patients by stroke (60,7 years ± 12,1). The HMS was correlated with esthesiometry, dynamometer test, Box and Blocks Test, Nine Hole Peg Test, Modified Ashworth Scale and Barthel Index. Results: there was good correlation between the HMS with muscle strength and manual dexterity, in contrast, sensitivity and index of functional independence showed no significant values. Conclusions: based on research data, the HMS is presented as a good tool for evaluating and predicting recovery from upper extremity after stroke.

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